APPENDIX A
Glossary of Terms
The definitions have been kept brief on purpose.

-A-

ALIGNMENT, the orientation of lines of text, such as flush right, flush left, centered, or justified.

Antialiasing, A complex term for smoothing jagged edges by blending two neighboring areas of color along their shared border.

ANTIQUE paper, an uncoated paper with a rough or matte surface.

ARABIC FIGURES, the familiar form of numerals (11,2,3,4 etc.), also see Roman numerals.

ART PAPER, glossy, coated paper intended to carry halftone reproduction by letterpress.

ARTWORK, any black and white or color original prepared for reproduction. Also called "mechanicals".

ASCENDER, the vertical stroke, above the x-height, in lower case letters as b, d, h, etc; also these letters. Other lowercase letters are descenders, which extend below the baseline (g, j, and p), and medials (such as a, c, and e), which fit between the baseline and the x-height.

ASCII, Acronym for the American Standard Code of Information Interchange. It is the "common denominator" for saving text in a format that can be read by most word processing and other programs. Generally all special formatting is lost.

ASYMMETRIC LAYOUT, an off-center arrangement.

ATM FONT, High quality font technology created by Adobe Systems that makes use of Adobe Type Manager and has become one of the most popular fonts used in the realm of desktop publishing by both Mac and PC users. (See also FONT, TYPEFACE).

-B-

BACKING UP, printing the reverse side of a sheet, ideally so that the lines of text on one side match the position of those on the other.

BAD BREAK, Term used to indicate the situation where a word fragment or section of a sentence is wrapped to the next line or column, giving the publication an unbalanced look.

BANNER, in newspaper work, a main headline running across the top of the page. Often used more loosely for the title heading on a journal or newspaper.

BAR CURSOR, A bar that marks the position on the page where text will be inserted if you begin typing. Sometimes called an "I-beam cursor" because it resembles an uppercase "I". In some programs, a mouse pointer will change to a bar cursor when moved over text.

BASE LINE, the line on which both capitals (H) and lower case letters (x) stand; excludes the descenders of lower case letters and the tail of "Q". Other horizontal guidelines include the x-heightwhich defines the top of medials, and the cap height, which defines the upper limit of uppercase characters.

BASELINES, Invisible ruled lines on the page on which text is positioned.

BITMAPPED FONT, A font that is created as a graphic image. Usually such a font is not scalable and separate fonts much be created for each point size needed. (See also FONT, TYPEFACE).

BLEED, the area of illustrations, solids, or rules which extend beyond the trimmed edge of a printed page and the extra width added to artwork to make bleeding possible; often phrased "Bleed off the page".

BODY (type), the space, measured from top to bottom, on which a letter is set; the distance from the highest ascender to the lowest descender plus the remaining space within the point size.

BODY (text), the text of your publication excluding banners, headlines, and sub-heads.

BOLDFACE, a typeface that has been enhanced by rendering it in darker, thicker strokes so that it will stand out on the page. Headlines that need emphasis should be boldface. (Italics are preferable for emphasis in body

text.) Some typefaces have multiple weights of boldface, such as medium-bold and extra-bold.

BOLTS, the edges of a folded section of paper before it is trimmed.

BOWL (type), the curved part of rounded letterforms such as B,R,b,p.

BOX, text ruled off on all four sides.

BROADSHEET or BROADSIDE, technically something printed on a full-size sheet. Commonly used to refer to documents of large newspaper size.

BROCHURE, A small folded pamphlet.

BULLET, a large dot or other graphic character placed at the beginning of a line of text to call attention to the line. Dingbats are frequently used as bullets.

-C-

CALLOUT, Text that is used to highlight an element in a figure or to summarize concepts introduced in the text.

CAP HEIGHT, the height of capital letters in a font of type, measured from the baseline to the top of the letters.

CAPTION, text describing an illustration.

Centered, Text placed at an equal distance from the left and right margins. Headlines are often centered. It is generally not good to mix centered text with flush left or

flush right text.

CENTER SPREAD, the pair of pages that come at the center of a folded section. (eg pages 4 and 5 of an 8-page section)

CHARACTER PITCH, In a line of text, the number of characters per inch. (See also PICA, ELITE, POINT).

COATED PAPER, one with a surface finished with a layer of china clay to give smoothness.

COLOPHON, text giving production details of a publication.

COLUMN RULE, a fine rule used to separate columns.

Condensed, The narrow style of a typeface, in which a font is redrawn-as opposed to numerically compressed.

CONTINUOUS TONE, see HALFTONE

CONTOUR, a photograph from which all the background has been removed.

CONTRAST, a subjective feeling that graphic elements, such as fonts, are different but work together well. This gives a feeling of variety without losing harmony. Within a particular font, contrast also refers to the variety of stroke thicknesses that make up the characters. Helvetica has low contrast and Bodoni has high contrast.

COPYFITTING, the process of adjusting the size and spacing of type to make it fit within a defined area of the page.

CROP MARKS, Lines in a publication used to indicate to the printer where the publication should be cropped (or cut).

CROPPING, cutting an illustration to fit a given area or to remove unwanted background along the edges.

CROSS REFERENCE, using typographic symbols to refer the reader to relevant text within the same document.

CROSSHEAD, a centered subheading.

CUT FLUSH, trimming the cover of a document at the same time and to the same size as the inside pages.

-D-

DECKLE EDGE, the rough, uncut edge on hand- or mold-made papers.

DESCENDER, the part of a letter which extends below the baseline in lower case letters.

DESKTOP PUBLISHING PROGRAM, An application program that permits the use of a microcomputer and a high,quality printer to produce reports, newsletters, brochures, magazines, books, and other publications. Desktop Publishing is often abbreviated DTP. In some cases a word processing program may be used for Desktop Publishing work.

DINGBATS, typefaces that consist of symbol characters such as decorations, arrows, and bullets.

DISPLAY, (type) large sizes or ornate letter forms not normally used for continuous text; (layout) the use of large type, rules, and other devices to present information.

DOT MATRIX PRINTER, A printer that creates or images in patterns of dots.

DPI, an abbreviation for dots per inch. Refers to the resolution at which a device, such as a monitor or printer, can display text and graphics. Monitors are usually 100 dpi or less, and laser printers are 300 dpi or higher. An image printed on a laser printer looks sharper than the same image on a monitor.

DRAWN-ON COVER, a card cover fixed to the spine of a publication.

DROP, the distance from a chapter title to the first line if text.

DROP CAP, a design style in which the first capital letter of a paragraph is set in a larger point size and aligned with the top of the first line. This method is used to indicate the start of a new section of text, such as a chapter.

DROP-SHADOW, a tint or solid laid to one side of an illustration or type form to give a shadow effect.

-E-

ELITE, A size of type that fits twelve characters into each inch of type.

ELLIPSIS, a punctuation character consisting of three dots, or periods, in a row. It indicates that a word or phrase has been omitted. To access the ellipsis character in standard typefaces, press down the Alt key and type 0133 on the numeric keypad with NumLock turned on.

EM, EM SPACe, EM QUAD, a common unit of measurement in typography. Em is traditionally defined as the width of the uppercase M in the current face and point size. It is more properly defined as simply the current point size. For example, in 12-point type, em is a distance of 12 points. Sometimes called a "mutton".

EM DASH, a dash the length of an em is used to indicate a break in a sentence—like this.

EN, ENN SPACE, N QUAD, a common unit of measurement in typography. En is traditionally defined as the width of the uppercase N in the current face and the current point size. It is more properly defined as half the width of an em. Sometimes called a "nut".

EN DASH, a dash the length of an en is used to indicate a range of values as in sections 28–30.

END PAPER, leaves that join the text of a book to the binding.

-F-

FACE one of the styles of a family of faces. For example, the italic style of the Garamond family is a face.

FAMILY, also known as a font family. A collection of faces that were designed and intended to be used together. For example, the Garamond family consists of roman and italic styles, as well as regular, semi-bold, and bold weights. Each of the style and weight combinations is called a face.

FLUSH LEFT/RIGHT, aligned type to the left or right leaving the other end ragged. The term ragged left/ ragged right is sometimes used alone to mean the same thing.

FOLIO, page number

FONT, in printing the total characters in a complete typeface: caps, lower case, figures, and punctuation in one size, weight and style. In digital typography, a font is the electronic description of a particular typeface, weight, and style, such as Helvetica Bold Italic. (Some believe the definition of a font as the combined result of one typeface, weight, style, and size is outmoded.) Fonts come in two varieties, a bit-mapped font describes characters as fixed patterns of pixels, limiting its utility to a single size, such as 10- point Times Italic. An outline (or scalable) font traces its characters using complex mathematical equations, enabling you to scale the characters to virtually any size and even edit their outlines in programs such as CorelDraw and Adobe Illustrator. (See also ATM, BITMAPPED, SCALABLE, SOFT FONT, TRUETYPE, TYPEFACE).

Font converter, A program that converts a digital typeface from one format to another, i.e., from TrueType to PostScript Type 1.

Font editor, A program that enables you to create your own typeface or edit the appearance of characters in an existing one.

FOOT, the margin at the bottom of a page.

FOOTER, Lines of text that appear at the bottom of each page in the publication. (See also HEADER).

FULL MEASURE LEFT, text set to the left-hand edge of the column, without indent.

-G-

GALLEY PROOFS, text proofed in continuous columns, not divided into pages.

GATE FOLD, a single sheet of paper folded twice vertically to make six pages.

GRAIN, the direction in which a sheet of paper is made and along which it folds most readily.

GRID, a) The rectangular structure of a page layout.

b) A mesh of nonprinting dots that helps you align rules, boxes, and graphic elements as you place them on your page.

GUTTER, the white space between columns; also the two inside margins of facing pages.

-H-

HALF-TITLE, the first page of a book, usually attached to the front end paper, or, pages dividing sections within a document.

HALFTONE, a photograph broken up into fine dots for reproduction.

HANDLES, Small black objects, often dots or diamonds, that appear around graphics and can be used to more or resize.

HANGING INDENT, a document style in which the first line of a paragraph is aligned with the left margin, and the remaining lines are all indented an equal amount. Hanging indent is sometimes referred to as outdenting. This is an effective style for displaying lists of information.

HEAD, the top margin of a page.

HEADER, A line of text that appears at the top of each page in a publication. (See also FOOTER).

HEADLINE, the short lines of emphasized text that introduce detail information in the body text that follows. Also, the category of faces that are designed to work best in headline text.

HEADLINE FONTS, a font that has been designed to look good at large point sizes for use in headlines. Headline fonts generally dont contain a complete set of characters since they dont require a full set of special symbols and punctuation.

HINTS, the mathematical instructions added to digital fonts to make them sharp at all sizes and on display devices of different resolutions.

Hinting, Instructions that govern the way a character outline is rasterized (see below) to ensure legible results. Hinting plays a decisive role when displaying text on screen and printing text at small type sizes or on a low-resolution device. Also called scaling intelligence.

HOT METAL, technically type from a casting machine, but widely used for any type set in relief on a metal body.

-I-

IMPOSITION, the arrangement of pages on a printing plate so that when the sheet is folded the sequence of pages is correct.

IMPRINT, printed bibliographical and copyright information. Also the term used for the issuing publisher.

INDENT, space inserted at the beginning of a line(s).

INFERIOR FIGURES, small numerals which appear below the baseline. Sometimes called "subscript".

INITIAL LETTER, a single letter, bigger than the text, usually used to mark the beginning of a chapter or section.

INSIDE, the margin on a page nearest to the fold.

Intellifont, A hinted font format codeveloped by Agfa Compugraphic for inclusion in Hewlett-Packard's PCL 5 command language.

Italic, A slanted typeface, generally accompanied by calligraphic flourishes. A slanted sans-serif font is often termed oblique. The upright faces are often referred to as roman.

-J-

JUSTIFIED, A text alignment setting that increases the spacing between letters and words as needed so that the beginning and end of each baseline are aligned. Right and left margins are perfectly straight. Text may be LEFT JUSTIFIED of the left margin is straight and the right is ragged, RIGHT JUSTIFIED if the right margin is straight and the left ragged, or FULLY JUSTIFIED if both margins are straight.

-K-

KERN, adjusting the inter-character spacing so that part of a character overhangs another to increase readability and evenness of spacing.

Kerning, The spacing between individual letters; also, adjusting that space to eliminate unsightly gaps. Av is a common kerning pair. Adjustments in kerning are especially important in large display and headline text lines. Without kerning adjustments, many letter combinations can look awkward. The objective of kerning is to create visually equal spaces between all letters so that the eye can move smoothly along the text.

-L-

LAID, paper with a clearly visible wire pattern.

LASER PRINTER, A high resolution printer that uses laser technology to produce print that rivals electronic typesetting equipment.

LAYOUT, a) verb Phrase that describes putting all of the text and graphic elements together to form a publication.

b) noun the arrangement of text and graphics on a page.

LEADERS, a row of dots, or similar, intended to lead the reader's eye from one piece of text to another.

LEADING, (pronounced "ledding") the amount of space added between lines of text to make the document legible. The term originally referred to the thin lead spacers that printers used to physically increase space between lines of metal type. Most applications automatically apply standard leading based on the point size of the font. Closer leading fits more text on the page, but decreases legibility. Looser leading spreads text out to fill a page and makes the document easier to read. Leading can also be negative, in which case the lines of text are so close that they overlap or touch. Also called LINE FEED.

LEAF, a single sheet in a document with one page on each side, eg an 8 page booklet has 4 leaves.

LETTERPRESS, printing from relief type.

LETTER SPACING, adjusting the average distance between letters in a block of text to fit more or less text into the given space or to improve legibility. Kerning allows adjustments between individual letters, while letter spacing is applied to a block of text as a whole. Letter spacing is sometimes referred to as tracking or track kerning.

LIGATURE, two or more letters tied together into a single letter. In some typefaces, character combinations such as fi and fl overlap, resulting in an unsightly shape. The fi and fl ligatures were designed to improve the appearance of these characters. Letter combinations such as ff, ffl, and ffi are available in the Adobe Expert Collections. (NOTE: I know of no S/W or PD type that have ligatures)

LINE ILLUSTRATION or ART, those made up of lines and solid areas, without continuous tone.

LINING FIGURES, numerals that align with the capitals. Non-lining or hanging figures, are based on the lower case x-height.

LOGO, A company's symbol or graphic image that is used on stationary, invoices, etc.

LOGOTYPE, a word or name rendered in a specific way as in a trademark.

-M-

MARGINS, the area of paper between the text and the edges of a page; the amount of white space reserved on a publication in which no text or graphics appear. Includes top, bottom, and sides. Margins typically need to be created on the edges of a page because most printers can't print to the very edge. With the white space created by margins, text also looks better and is easier to read.

MASTHEAD, A space reserved at the top of certain types of publications such as newspapers or newsletters in which the name of the publication and the publishing information appears. Often referred to as a "banner".

MEASURE, the width of a column of text.

Monospaced, A typeface in which all characters are identical in width, such as Courier. A monospaced, or fixed-pitch, font is useful for formatting tables and lists in which alignment is essential.

-N-

NEWSPRINT, a low quality paper intended for newspapers and other short lived publications.

-O-

OBLIQUE, a slanting version of a font face. Oblique is similar to italic, but without the script quality of a true italic. The upright faces are usually referred to as roman.

OCR, Optical Character Recognition, An information processing technology that converts human readable data into another medium for computer input. Light reflected from characters is recognized by optical character recognition equipment. Often used to convert scanned or faxed graphical data into readable ASCII text. (See also SCANNER).

OFFSET LITHOGRAPHY, usually shortened to "OFFSET". A process of printing from a flat surface in which the printing areas are greasy and the non-printing areas are damp. The greasy and inked image is set off from the printing plate onto a rubber blanket which transfers it to paper. High quality professional printing done at a service bureau with a printing press.

OPACITY, the degree to which a paper is translucent.

OUTLINE LETTER, a letterform that is drawn in outline only with no solid parts.

OUTSIDE, the outer, vertical edge of a page.

OVERMATTER, copy too long to fit the text area and so will have to be cut.

-P-

PAGE, one side of a leaf. Also TO PAGE, dividing galley proofs and illustrations into pages.

PAGE DEPTH, the length of the text area on the page.

PARAGRAPH RULES, graphic lines associated with a paragraph that separate blocks of text. Rules are commonly used to separate columns and isolate graphics on a page. Some desktop publishing programs allow paragraph styles that include paragraph rules above the paragraph, below the paragraph, or both, to be created.

PASTEUP, type proofs and illustrations stuck down together as a guide.

PCL 5, The command language built into the world's most popular laser printer, Hewlett-Packard's LaserJet III. While it incorporates the Intellifont typeface format, it also accepts bit-mapped fonts compatible with PCL 4, the language introduced by the LaserJet Plus and continued in the LaserJet IIs.

PERFECT BINDING, a method of binding single leaves by gluing them together on one edge.

PICA, the standard unit of typographical measurement = 12 points. A type size that fits ten characters into each inch of type. Also, in phototypesetting, a sixth of an inch.

PICA, a unit of measure that is approximately 1/6th of an inch. A pica is equal to 12 points. The traditional British and American pica is 0.166 inches. In PostScript printers, a pica is exactly 1/6th of an inch.

PIXEL, Smallest element in a publication equal to one dot. Every character and image is composed of a pattern of pixels.

POINT, the basic unit of typographic measurement. 1 pt = appx 1/72". There are 12 points in a pica, which is

almost exactly 1/6 inch.

POINT SIZE, the common method of measuring type. Also, the distance from the top of the highest ascender to the bottom of the lowest descender in points. In Europe, type is often measured by the cap-height in millimeters.

POSTSCRIPT, A page description language developed by Adobe Systems for designing page layouts on microcomputer systems. Laser printers capable of using this language are also referred to as "Postscript Printers".

PRELIMS, the opening or "preliminary" pages of a document before the text proper begins.

PROOF, a trial print to be checked for corrections.

-Q-

QUARTO, a page a quarter the size of the basic sheet

QUOTES, marks which indicate speech. Either single or double.

-R-

RAISED CAP, a design style in which the first capital letter of a paragraph is set in a large point size and aligned with the baseline of the first line of text. Compare to a drop cap.

Rasterize, To convert a mathematical outline to a fixed pattern of pixels tailored to the resolution of a particular screen or output device.

READABILITY, a function of how type is used. Given a legible type, the readability of a page will depend as much on the layout as on the typeface.

RECTO, a right-hand side page.

REGISTER, the exact positioning of two or more printings on a sheet.

REGISTER MARKS, crosses or sight marks on artwork or a printed sheet to ensure proper register.

REVERSE, the technique of printing white or lightcolored text on a black or dark background for emphasis. This technique greatly reduces legibility, especially with small type.

REVERSING OUT, printing a white image on a solid background or tint panel.

REVISE, a corrected proof or the act of proof correction.

RIVERS, white lines appearing to run vertically through a text paragraph.

Roman, Non-italic, upright text, generally used to describe a medium-weight serif font, such as

Times Roman or Palatino.

ROMAN FIGURES, I, II, IV, X , etc.

RULE, a solid or dashed graphic line in documents used to separate the elements of a page. Rules and other graphic devices should be used sparingly, and only for clarifying the function of other elements on the page.

RULES, lines of various thickness and pattern used to divide and box text on a page.

RUN, the number of copies to be printed.

RUN ON, (printing) extra copies printed at the same time as the original run; (typesetting) text continuing on the same line.

RUNNING HEAD, a small headline repeated at the top of each page.

-S-

SADDLE-STITCH, bind by passing a wire or thread through the center of a folded section. (Stapling)

SANS SERIF, Letters of typefaces without serifs , the ornate, widened bases and tops seen on some characters of some type fonts; generally a low-contrast design. San serif faces lend a clean, simple appearance to documents.

SCALABLE FONT, A type of font that can be made smaller or larger.

SCANNER, A peripheral device similar to a photocopier that digitizes hardcopy images into an

electronically usable graphic format file. (See also OCR).

Screen font, A bit-mapped font that approximates on screen the appearance of printed characters.

SECTION, a printed sheet folded to page size.

SELF-COVER, a cover of the same paper as the rest of the document.

SELF-ENDS, the first and last pages of a document used to attach it to the binding.

Serif, A tiny counterstroke that runs approximately perpendicular to the main strokes of a character;small decorative strokes that are added to the end of a letters main strokes. Serifs improve readability by leading the eye along the line of type. Times is a serif font. A font that lacks serifs, such as Helvetica, is called sans serif.

SET SOLID, type set without any extra space between the lines.

SIDE HEADING, a subheading in the side margin.

SIDE STAB, bind by passing wire staples through the side of the bound edge.

SOFT FONT, The software version of a font that is distributed on disk for use with various printer models, as opposed to one that is included on a printer-specific cartridge or is built into the printer's ROM; a font that is packaged on a software disk and is sent to the printer at print time.

Speedo, A proprietary hinted font format developed by Bitstream.

SPINE, the bound edge.

SPREAD, a pair of facing pages.

SQUARE UP, to specify an illustration as a rectangle.

STRESS, (type) the apparent direction of the weight of a letter from the vertical to the oblique.

STYLE, one of the variations in appearance, such as italic and bold, that make up the faces in a type family.

SUBHEADING, a heading appearing within the body of the text.

SUPERIOR FIGURES, small numerals appearing above the x-height. Sometimes called "superscript".

SWASH, (type) characters with additional flourishes.

SYMBOL, a category of type in which the characters are special symbols rather than alphanumeric characters.

-T-

TABLOID, a page half the size of a broadsheet.

TABULAR FIGURES, numerals that all have the same width. Numerals with the same width make it easier to set tabular matter.

TEMPLATE, A publication skeleton upon which you build the actual publication. Templates can be used to save time when you create similar publications or subsequent issues of a newsletter.

TINT, a flat area made up of dots or lines.

TIP IN, an illustration pasted onto a page after printing.

TRACKING, the average space between characters in a block of text, also referred to as letter spacing.

TRIM, to cut the edges of a folded sheet to page size or the edges themselves.

TRIMMED SIZE, the format to which a publication is finally cut.

TrueImage, Microsoft's page description language.

TrueType, A hinted font format developed jointly by Apple and Microsoft for use in the Macintosh and Windows environments.

TRUETYPE FONT, A high quality proprietary font technology created by Microsoft and used in Windows 3.1 as well as Windows Applications.

Type 1, A hinted font format developed by Adobe and included as part of the PostScript page description language. Type 1 is now the most commonly available digital type format and is used by professional digital graphic designers. More than 30,000 fonts are available in the Type 1 format. A less popular unhinted PostScript format, Type 3, accommodates graphics features such as gray values and stroked outlines.

TYPEFACE, the letters, numbers, and symbols that make up a design of type. A typeface is often part of a type family of coordinated designs. The individual typefaces are named after the family and are also specified with a designation, such as italic, bold, or condensed. More than just an alphabet. Technically the actual design or shape of the letterforms themselves. A collection of letters, numbers, and symbols that share a distinctive appearance.

TYPEFACE FAMILY, also known as family. The collection of faces that were designed together and intended to be used together. For example, the Garamond font family consists of roman and italic styles, as well as regular, semibold, and bold weights. Each of the style and weight combinations is called a face.

Type manager, A utility that files font definitions and renders font outlines on screen and for a printer, such as Adobe Type Manager, TrueType, Agfa's Intellifont for Windows, and Bitstream's FaceLift.

TYPESCALE, a ruler marked in points, ems, and ens.

Type size, The size of type, and type fonts, which are given and measured in points. A point is about 1/72 of an inch. Points give an approximate measure of the vertical size of type. Roughly, the height of a font measured from the top of an ascender to the bottom of a descender. Variations in font designs mean it's not always exact. Also called point size and font size. (See also Point).

TYPO, a misprint.

TYPOGRAPHIC COLOR, the apparent blackness of a block of text. Color is a function of the relative thickness of the strokes that make up the characters in a font, as well as the width, point size, and leading used for setting the text block.

TYPOGRAPHY, the practice (or art) of arranging type and the study of type forms.

-U-

UNJUSTIFIED, text set flush left with the right hand edge uneven.

UPPER CASE, capital letters.

-V-

VERSO, left-hand page.

-W-

WATERMARK, design added to some papers during manufacture. Usually to identify the paper manufacturer.

Weight, The thickness of strokes in a character. A character with thin strokes is light; one with moderate strokes is medium or regular; one with heavy strokes is bold; and one with fat strokes is black. There are also book (slightly lighter than medium), demibold (not quite bold), ultrabold, and others.

WHITE SPACE, the blank areas on a page where text and illustrations are not printed. White space is an important graphic element in page design.

WIDOW, a short line at the end of a paragraph, appearing at the top of a page. (an ORPHAN is a short line at the bottom of a page).

WIDTH, one of the possible variations of a typeface within a type family, such as condensed or extended.

WORDWRAP, Process by which words are automatically bumped to the next line, page or column of text when the word passes the righthand edge of the baseline.

WORD SPACE, the space between words in a line.

WORD SPACING, adjusting the average distance between words to improve legibility or to fit a block of text into a given amount of space.

WOVE, an uncoated paper without laid lines.

WYSIWYG, an acronym for what you see is what you get. Windows provides a WYSIWYG screen display. What you see on the screen is what you will get on printed output, as accurately as the screen can render it.

-X-

X-HEIGHT, traditionally, x-height is the height of the lowercase letter x. It is also the height of the body of lowercase letters in a font, excluding the ascenders and descenders. Some lowercase letters that do not have ascenders or descenders still extend a little bit above or below the x-height as part of their design. The x-height can vary greatly from typeface to typeface at the same point size.